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| Geographical names | Botanical scientific names | Biblical names | Nicknames | Institution names |
| Historical names | Zoological scientific names | Fictitious names | Pseudonyms |
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| Scientific Name | Malagasy Name |
| Bakerella ambongoensis | velonaminamana |
| Bambusa barbata | volo, volozatsy |
| Baphia capparidifolia | vahinantibavy, vahinatibavy, vahinato, vahita |
| Barbeuia madagascariensis | maitsokely, vahemaitso, vahimahitsy, vahimaitso |
| Barleria norbertii | laingodroy |
| Barringtonia butonica | fosatra, fotabe, fotadrano, fotatra, fotibe, fotobe, fototra |
| Basella leandriana | vahimbahia |
| Baudouinia fluggeiformis | lambina |
| Bauhinia commersonii | kimesamesa |
| Beccariophoenix madagascariensis | manara, manarana |
| Begonia rex | beravina |
| Beguea apetala | borasaka, fandifiana, maintipototra, maintipototralahy, marankoditra, ramaindafa, ramendafa, somotrorana |
| Beilschmiedia cryptocaryoides | antavaratra |
| Bembicia axillaris | ampananina |
| Benthamia madagascariensis | soazombitro |
| Berchemia discolor | losy |
| Bidens bipinnata | anantsinahilahy, anantsinahy, anatsinahy, ravintsipolitra, trakajea, trakavola, tsipolitra, voatraka |
| Biophytum sensitivum | horokoronamboa, kifohafoha, kihorohorona, kihoronkorona, kika, manendrilanitra, mihoronkorona, miorinkorona, modimodia, ramihorona, tsihilavanandriananahary, tsimpohafoha, tsingoregorenamboa |
| Bivinia jalberti | hazoambo |
| Bixa orellana | sahy, vahinamalona |
| Blechnum simillimum | tsipahogasy |
| Bleekrodea madagascariensis | tsilita |
| Blotia hildebrandtii | fanjavala, fanjavoala, maroando, voandavenona, voatonakala |
| Blumea dregeanoides | hazomamo |
| Boehmeria platyphylla var. | rovy |
| Boerhavia diffusa | beambava, mangalarety, mangarahety |
| Boletus colossus | holabe, olabe |
| Borassus madagascariensis | badika, befelatanana, dimaka, marandravina |
| Borreria verticillata | fegandala, fesaho |
| Boscia heterophyllum | teloravy |
| Bosqueia boiviniana | avoha, kolohoto |
| Bothriochloa glabra | mafiloha, tsimanimpanariva |
| Bougainvillea spectabilis | laingo, laingomena, menalaingo |
| Brachiaria arrecta var. | osaosaberavina, pikombalala |
| Brachylaena merana | angamerana, kisaka, mananotra, merakazotakandro, merampamelona, merana |
| Brassica campestris | ananomby, laisoa masombika |
| Breonia boivinii | molompangadimadinidravina |
| Brexia horombensis | reampy |
| Brexiella ilicifolia | rangifotsy, rangy |
| Bridelia pervilleana | hary, kitaka, kitata |
| Brillantaisia madagascariensis | valatratraka, velatsa |
| Brochoneura acuminata | hafotrarano, mafotra, mafotrarano, rarà, rarahilovango, rarahoraka, voapary, voapory, vorirara |
| Bromelia ananas | voafandrana |
| Bruguiera gymnorhiza | tangampoly, tiotsa, tsitolona |
| Brunfelsia calycina | intelomiova |
| Buchnera hispida | tamborintintina, tamborokijoa, tamborotintina |
| Buddleja acuminata | sevambahy |
| Bulbostylis firingalavensis | fefinatsy |
| Burasaia australis | faritraty, faritsaty |
| Burnatastrum lanceolatum | kitainosy, taimbalala |
| Buxus madagascarica | mandakolahy |
| Byttneria baronii | hazompositra, sampandravina |
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